The Zambezia Company, the most profitable chartered company, took over a number of smaller prazeiro holdings, and established military outposts to protect its property. In parliament Frelimo has 129 seats to Renamo's 112. Historically within Mozambique there was slavery. And Angola, in the middle of civil war, becomes independent in November 1975.

He wins 53% of the votes in the presidential election, as opposed to 34% for Afonso Dhlakama, the leader of Renamo. His opponent, Afonso Dhlakama of RENAMO, received 32% of the popular vote. In September 1974 a provisional government is put in place, made up of representatives from both sides. By mid-1995, over 1.7 million refugees who had sought asylum in neighboring countries had returned to Mozambique, part of the largest repatriation witnessed in sub-Saharan Africa. Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD,[citation needed] waves of Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from the north through the Zambezi River valley and then gradually into the plateau and coastal areas. Lhistoire du Mozambique dans sa période préhistorique est mal connue mais les premiers habitants de la région sont des ancêtres des Bochimans, qui sont progressivement chassés du territoire du futur Mozambique, entre le Ier et le IVe siècle, par des vagues de peuplements de locuteurs des langues bantoues, arrivant par la vallée du Zambèze.

This affected a majority of the indigenous population who suffered both state-sponsored discrimination and enormous social pressure. Mozambique held elections in 1994, which were accepted by most parties as free and fair while still contested by many nationals and observers alike. Mozambique was colonised by the Portuguese since 16 th century. The voyage of Vasco da Gama around the Cape of Good Hope in 1498 marked the Portuguese entry into trade, politics, and society of the region. Armando Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on February 2, 2005. The new government in Lisbon is disinclined to prop up Portugal's collapsing and by now very expensive empire. In 1986, Mozambican President Samora Machel died in an air crash in South African territory. En quelques … Mozambique was a Portuguese colony, overseas province and later a member state of Portugal. This conflict—along with the two others already initiated in the other Portuguese colonies of Angola and Portuguese Guinea—became part of the so-called Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). Although unproven, many suspect the South African government of responsibility for his death. In 1995 Mozambique becomes a member of the British Commonwealth. Frelimo begins its campaign in northern Mozambique in 1964, launching ten years of a bitter struggle. This was what happened in 1942 with the Mozambique Company, which however continued to operate in the agricultural and commercial sectors as a corporation, and had already happened in 1929 with the termination of the Niassa Company's concession. Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on December 1–2, 2004. After a prolonged liberation struggle against Portuguese colonial rulers, Mozambique became independent as People's Republic of Mozambique. [17], Mozambique was declared to be free of land mines in 2015, following a 22-year effort to remove explosive devices planted during the War of Independence and Civil War.

In 2007 Julio Mercader, of the University of Calgary, recovered dozens of 100,000-year-old stone tools from a deep limestone cave near Lake Niassa in Mozambique showing that wild sorghum, the ancestor of the chief cereal consumed today in sub-Saharan Africa for flours, breads, porridges and alcoholic beverages, was being consumed by Homo sapiens along with African wine palm, the false banana, pigeon peas, wild oranges and the African "potato." The republic of Cape Verde is established in July. La guerre dindépendance du Mozambique est un conflit armé entre la guérilla du Front de Libération du Mozambique ou FRELIMO (en portugais : Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) et le Portugal. An additional four million internally displaced persons had returned to their homes. Lexington, Georgia: The Claridge Press, 1989. p 89, 27-29, "Stone age pantry: Archaeologist unearths earliest evidence of modern humans using wild grains and tubers for food", Independence redux in postsocialist Mozambique, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF, "Flash and a bang as Mozambique is declared free of landmines", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Mozambique&oldid=963524501, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 June 2020, at 08:01. When the company's charter ends, in 1942, these regions are merged with the colony. The Portuguese dictatorship responds with a major military effort, sending out large numbers of troops from Portugal. In early 2000 a cyclone caused widespread flooding in the country, killing hundreds and devastating the already precarious infrastructure. [2], The Portuguese attempted to legitimise and consolidate their trade and settlement positions through the creation of prazos (land grants) tied to Portuguese settlement and administration. The income per capita tripled over twenty years since the civil war. But its chief method of exploiting the potential of the region is to award large tracts of land to commercial companies chartered for the purpose - along the lines of Rhodes's companies in the neighbouring. Mozambique gains independence. Unable to salvage any of their assets, most of them returned to Portugal penniless.

[10][11][12], In 1984, Mozambique negotiated the Nkomati Accord with P. W. Botha and the South African government, in which Mozambique was to expel the African National Congress in exchange for South Africa stopping support of Renamo. It gained independence from Portugal in 1975. On 4 October 1992, the Rome General Peace Accords, negotiated by the Community of Sant'Egidio with the support of the United Nations, were signed in Rome between President Chissano and RENAMO leader Afonso Dhlakama, which formally took effect on the October 15, 1992. Enjoy the Famous Daily, Portugal undertakes a succession of military campaigns to try and extend colonial rule inland. Many Mozambican slaves were supplied by tribal chiefs who raided warring tribes and sold their captives to the prazeiros.[2]. This is the first example of any nation being admitted which has not formerly been a British colony. [18], Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974), Geoff Hill, "A Crying Field to Remember,", Hoile, David. The violent civil war continues, causing more than a million refugees to flee the country - until in the late 1980s the Frelimo leadership decides that peace depends on ending Mozambique's rigid system of one-party rule.

[citation needed][3], By the early 20th century the Portuguese had shifted the administration of much of Mozambique to large private companies, like the Mozambique Company, the Zambezia Company and the Niassa Company, controlled and financed mostly by the British, which established railroad lines to their neighbouring colonies (South Africa and Rhodesia). The exception is made because of the extremely close links with the other Commonwealth countries by which Mozambique is surrounded - South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania. It gained independence from Portugal in 1975. The war was marked by huge human rights violations by both RENAMO and FRELIMO.[13][14][15][16]. The forced labour and racial discrimination of colonialism is now replaced by the herding of peasants into communal villages on collective state farms. The colonial withdrawal from Mozambique is exclusively a matter of negotiation between Portugal and Frelimo, the only organized resistance movement.

Cette guérilla, menée à partir de la Tanzanie, prend fin en 1974 avec la révolution des Œillets au Portugal. After a prolonged liberation struggle against Portuguese colonial rulers, Mozambique became independent as People's Republic of Mozambique. The territory is split, however, into two parts. Discover in a free daily email today's famoushistory and birthdays La guerre se déclenche officiellement le 25 septembre 1964 et se termine avec le cessez-le-feu du 8 septembre 1974.

The incumbent Frelimo president is Joaquim Chissano (he has succeeded Machel in 1986). Mozambique was a Portuguese colony, overseas province and later a member state of Portugal. The other is under company rule, with the Mozambique Company controlling the central Manica and Sofala districts along the Zambezi.

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